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2003-09-07 20:01:39 (5 years 18 weeks 26 minutes 4 seconds) #200350 | | view posts since this          #1 

bm14582
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How do... body kits work?

Body Kits: A Body Kit primarily attempts to take advantage of the "ground effect" that can help provide extra down-force. When a vehicle with a properly equipped body kit comes under the influence of the ground effect, air is displaced around the car but can't easily get this displaced air back under the car. This produces a huge low-pressure system under the car that creates a lot of down-force.



Down-force can be described as a downward force applied to the entire car by the surrounding air. The more air that you have moving around your car, the more down-force your car experiences (provided your car is engineered that way.) Down-force will help your car "stick" to the ground and, if properly calibrated, is excellent at providing extra stability at high speeds.



The bad new is that most body kits that you can buy don't do anything other than make your car look different (ideally more aggressive.)  If you look hard enough, there are a few body kits that can provide some extra down-force. While this is great for racing vehicles, installing a proper body kit (where the kit is about an inch or so above the ground) on a road car is highly impractical because the kit would constantly be in physical contact with the ground itself due to the uneven surfaces commonly found on modern roadways.

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2007-03-27 20:44:07 (1 year 41 weeks 1 day 23 hours 43 minutes 36 seconds) #243475 | | view posts since this          #2 

Fredster
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Re: How do... body kits work?

The Mathematical definitions of downforce and drag is originated from M. Bernouilli ... i will spare the mathematical proof of these equations :

The aerodynamic drag of a vehicle is negligible for speeds under 30mph !

http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c262/Fredster2/specVdownforce.jpg

(the values is not representative of the vehicle depicted, only a close approximation)
The aerodynamic drag is the resistance of a vehicle plowing through air, in a unit of force:
The equation is
Fd = .5 * rho * Vsquare * S * Cd

Fd = Force of drag in lbs
rho = average density of air =  2.38 x 10-3 slugs/ft3
Speed = Variable = lets use 30 mph or 44 ft/s
S = Surface area of frontal  = about 5ft wide per 5ft tall (approximation)
Cd = coefficient of drag = most modern cars have around .31

So at 30 mph, your vehicle exerts a drag force of about 20 lbf
At 60 mph, your vehicle exerts a drag force of about 145 lbf
At 120 mph, your vehicle exerts a drag force of about 285.6 lbf !

So a body kit can reduce/increase the drag force. If you want a body kit with a good downforce, chances are you'll also have more drag. So it's always a compromise between the road hugging downforce or top speed (obviousely more drag = less top speed)


As far as downforce goes, it is quite the opposite of the lift of a wing. So the lift of a profile, en l'occurence the vehicle itself, does provide lift or downforce. Ideally, you want your car to produce downforce just so that we can actually stay on the ground.

The downforce equation:
Fdownforce = .5 * rho * Vsquare * S * C
Fdownforce = result
rho = average density of air =  2.38 x 10-3 slugs/ft3
Speed = Variable = lets use 30 mph or 44 ft/s
S = Surface area of frontal  = about 5ft wide per 5ft tall (approximation)
Cd = coefficient of drag = we will estimate at 1.0

So the vehicle has 57 lbf of downforce at 30 mph
So the vehicle has 230 lbf of downforce at 60 mph
So the vehicle has 920 lbf of downforce at 120 mph


So now there is a way to understand that the faster you go, the more aerodynamic forces are in play.

For a economic vehicle, you want to have a good Cd/Cl ratio while keeping the Cl as low as possible. For a good sport vehicle, you want the least amount of Cd, and the most amount of Cl, so that your sport vehicle will hug the road.

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2007-03-29 16:24:07 (1 year 41 weeks 4 hours 3 minutes 36 seconds) #243482 | | view posts since this          #3 

sharkey
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Re: How do... body kits work?

wow....

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2007-03-29 17:36:18 (1 year 41 weeks 2 hours 51 minutes 25 seconds) #243483 | | view posts since this          #4 

SpecVRice
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Re: How do... body kits work?

Now let us know what kits give out spec's the most downforce!  :)

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2007-03-30 00:22:54 (1 year 40 weeks 6 days 20 hours 4 minutes 49 seconds) #243484 | | view posts since this          #5 

torrid
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Re: How do... body kits work?

wow....

+1, whew thats alotta math stuff. lol

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2007-03-30 01:27:47 (1 year 40 weeks 6 days 18 hours 59 minutes 56 seconds) #243486 | | view posts since this          #6 

Fredster
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Re: How do... body kits work?

Now let us know what kits give out spec's the most downforce!  :)

give me more time where i will actually go further into detail

i just don't have time these days

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2007-03-30 16:05:16 (1 year 40 weeks 6 days 4 hours 22 minutes 27 seconds) #243490 | | view posts since this          #7 

sharkey
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Re: How do... body kits work?

wow....

+1, whew thats alotta math stuff. lol

i failed math, but damn....


i don't think r33 kit is doing anything.....lol

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2007-03-31 23:59:52 (1 year 40 weeks 4 days 20 hours 27 minutes 51 seconds) #243492 | | view posts since this          #8 

jwj410
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Re: How do... body kits work?

Ahhh... call me a nerd but I loved physics back in college...!  I remember learning all about this stuff.

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2007-04-02 21:40:54 (1 year 40 weeks 2 days 22 hours 46 minutes 49 seconds) #243502 | | view posts since this          #9 

Fredster
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Re: How do... body kits work?

Most of aerodynamic systems will only affect the vehicle in race conditions as the times will depend on it.
The aerodynamic effect on the vehicle is actually not just simple forces applied. There is actually a cloud of aerodynamic forces surrounding the vehicle, with positive pressure on the front of the vehicle, and negative pressure aft of the vehicle.

Everything you modify for vehicle exterior geometry will affect the car’s attitude on the track.

So there is many questions you must ask yourself. Why do you want a body kit on your ride ? most of import tuners will say honestly just for plain look and to add this ‘in your face’ look. If it’s just for looks, than science doesn’t have anything to do. Only tastes. And tastes is not arguable  so we will suppose it is for race purposes.

This is a relatively subjective description of aerodynamic influencing devices so I invite you to actually correct me if I’m wrong and if you think something else is needed. Basically, you will influence the aerodynamics for either closed circuit racing or for drag.

The worst enemy for the aerodynamic drag of a vehicle is possibly the ground effect, which is a layer of air on the ground that does not have the same aerodynamic effect as air in altitude. This air has more lift for aircrafts, so it’s a good thing for aircrafts, but since it has more lift, and cars tend to have more downforce (because they’re grounded lol), this makes an increased value of drag. A good way to prevent this is to reduce the amount of air going under the car with lowered suspension and lip kit. The advantage is reduced drag (and more top speed) and the inconvenient is less ground clearance. 

If you build for drag, you want to minimize the aerodynamic forces. And you don’t really care about down force as the car does not need to turn. As long as it won’t lift, you want to reduce downforce to decrease aerodynamic drag.
So to minimize drag, you will want to lengthen and streamline the body, lower the stance and add a spoiler that will contain the negative pressure aft of the vehicle, or even better, streamline the vehicle in the shape of an ellipse. You will also want to funnel what little air goes under the car to actually direct the aerodynamic forces in a more streamline manner than actually having the air hit every single mechanical part protruding from the under body of the car.
http://rides.webshots.com/photo/2222281700038079276KfohAD?vhost=rides
The other effect is the drag of the wheels induced by the swirl effect of spinning wheels. This is why there is a lot of drag race cars built with wheels offset in the inside of the vehicle. The more you actually spin wheels, the more some sort of distorted aerodynamic vortex actually mixes with the outer air stream, thus increasing the turbulence of surrounding air, thus increasing the drag.


For closed circuit purposes, it is a fine balance between front down force and rear down force (excessive front downforce will make the car oversteer in turns and rear down forces induces understeer). It is pilot required adjustements depending on each track, track conditions etc. So you do want to have downforce in closed circuits to increase the weight of the vehicle in the corners (and increase the static friction force laterally).

This is more complicated than drag machines since the track changes, the driver changes, weather etc. So really design in a wind tunnel and on track is necessary to make good technical decisions. It takes also a lot of skills,  a lot of man hours and obviously $ as anything else in automotive.

An example of aerodynamic device applied on a nascar where the is a fence on the roof of the car. A fence, used in aircraft wings, actually reduces the amount of air slipping from the top of the car to the side of it.
As far as I’m concerned, there is not a lot of body kits available for the b15 chassis and I would suppose that the best looking, more aerodynamically significant kit is the lip designed by www.onderground.com. It actually deflects air from under the vehicle to the sides.
http://www.onderground-design.com/prod_pic/6362/6362_01.jpg

I don’t think you will notice the effect on a street ride, but on a closed circuit track it might shave off some time.

Another body kit I like is the buddy club kit as it actually retains the orginal body lines while reducing the stance and scooping up air to direct it into radiator systems
http://www.onderground-design.com/prod_pic/8132/8132_01.jpg

Actually some body kits such as the r33 has many openings which you could use for either oil cooling or brake cooling. It doesen’t improve the vehicle aerodynamics though. It simply helps cooling of engine bay and doesen’t really reduce the drag coefficient (which is all we want from aerodynamic systems)
http://www.onderground-design.com/prod_pic/6378/6378_01.jpg

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2007-04-06 10:54:02 (1 year 39 weeks 6 days 9 hours 33 minutes 41 seconds) #243526 | | view posts since this          #10 

sharkey
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Re: How do... body kits work?

..... i knew those big openings were good for something

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2008-07-25 10:40:51 (24 weeks 9 hours 46 minutes 52 seconds) #1818220 | | view posts since this          #11 

Nperez1986

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Re: How do... body kits work?

Does the Nismo lip for the sentra do any good? I mean its engineered for our cars right?


2006 SE-R automatic , 15.9 - 1/4 Nismo CAI, FSB, RSB, FCS, S/S,  TBS, and the ever so RARE genuine FR LIP! STS 86
http://www.cardomain.com/id/Nperez1986
http://i79.photobucket.com/albums/j159/Nperez1986/SE-RBanner-1-1.jpg

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2009-01-03 09:47:23 (6 days 9 hours 40 minutes 20 seconds) #1972599 | | view posts since this          #12 

Bretts2fast4u

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Re: How do... body kits work?

someone did there homework WOW lol 10 STARS **********


"Holy, who taught you how to drive?
   My Father,
  He musta put jet fuel in your baby bottle!"

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